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Setup time and hold time

#1
03-07-2020, 04:19 PM
Setup time grabs your focus when circuits run fast. You see data must stay put before the clock edge arrives. I often notice this catches juniors off guard during builds. And you end up with wrong outputs if it slips. But the signal needs enough room to lock in properly. Perhaps you test it by tweaking delays on your board. Now the hold time follows right after that same edge. I find it prevents the data from changing too quick. You risk corruption otherwise when paths race ahead. Or maybe clock skew makes it worse in bigger systems. Then you measure both to avoid flips in state. I always check these in my own designs first.
You grapple with setup when paths stretch long across chips. I recall fixing one by adding buffers to slow things down. But hold time bites if signals zip through too soon after the edge. And you lose the stored value in your flip flop that way. Perhaps adjust the logic gates to balance the speeds. Now timing analysis helps you spot issues early on. I use simple probes to verify the windows hold up under load. You learn quick that violations lead to random errors in runs. Or clock jitter adds another layer to watch closely. Then the whole chain reacts badly if ignored. I push for careful routing in layouts to keep margins safe. But practice shows these times shrink as tech gets denser.
You combine both constraints in real processors today. I see how setup limits the max clock rate you can push. And hold time demands extra care on short paths that finish fast. Perhaps simulate the whole thing before soldering parts. Now violations show as glitches or hangs in tests. I fix them by balancing wire lengths and gate choices. You end up with stable ops once they align right. But temperature swings can shift these values around too. Or supply noise throws the edges off course sometimes. Then you recalibrate the board to recover performance. I always factor in safety margins beyond the specs. You gain reliability that way in production units. Perhaps review the datasheet curves for your parts next time.
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ProfRon
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Joined: Jul 2018
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Setup time and hold time

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